What is Insomnia? Sleep is as important to promoting optimal
health as diet and exercise. It restores and repairs the damage done
during the course of the day. However, many of us have difficulty
getting a good night’s sleep. Either we’re too busy to sleep, or when we
try to go to bed, we stay awake thinking, or wake in the middle of the
night.
Insomnia refers to difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
throughout the night. It is a common condition. About 10% of the
population has chronic insomnia and about 50% have significant insomnia
at some time. It can be traced to a number of physical, mental,
behavioral, and environmental factors.
Types of Insomnia Sleep-onset insomnia refers to difficulty falling asleep.
It can be associated with pain, breathing difficulties, stimulant
drugs, withdrawal from sleeping pills, irregular sleep schedules, excess
alcohol consumption, or emotional disturbances such as anxiety, phobia,
or depression. It can also be associated with sleep disorders such as
sleep apnea, a condition in which there is intermittent disruption of
breathing during sleep, or delayed sleep phase syndrome, a circadian
rhythm disturbance in which the person has delayed sleep and waking
times and cannot move to an earlier bedtime without an earlier waking
time.
With early morning awakening, there is no difficulty falling asleep,
but the person awakens too early. Sleep maintenance insomnia refers to
awakening several times throughout the night with either difficulty
falling back to sleep or drifting into a restless, unsatisfying sleep.
As a person ages, total sleep time tends to decrease and sleep may
become disrupted. The amount of stage 4 (very deep sleep) may decrease.
There may be early morning awakening or sleep maintenance insomnia.
These two types of insomnia are sometimes associated with depression.
Tendencies to anxiety, self-reproach, and self-punishing thinking are
often magnified in the morning and may contribute to early morning
insomnia, causing awakening between 3 and 5 am for no apparent reason.
Reversal of sleep rhythm usually reflects a circadian disorder such
as jet lag. It may also occur after a head injury. Misusing sedatives or
working irregular night shift hours can sometimes cause reversals, as
can sleep apnea. With sleep apnea, a person may become drowsy in the
morning, sleep or doze much of the day, and have a fitful, uninterrupted
sleep at night.
Rebound wakefulness commonly occurs when sleeping pills are
discontinued in a person who normally takes heavy doses. This is often
wrongly interpreted as a recurrence of chronic insomnia.
Diet Cut out caffeine. Caffeine consumption can have a
pronounced effect on sleep, causing insomnia and restlessness. In
addition to coffee, tea, and soft drinks, look for hidden sources of
caffeine, such as cough and cold medicine, other over-the-counter
medicines, and chocolate.
Avoid added sugar. Although sugar can give a burst of energy, it is
short-lived and can cause uneven blood sugar levels. This can disrupt
sleep in the middle of the night as blood sugar levels fall.
Eat tryptophan-rich foods. Tryptophan is an amino acid that is a
precursor to serotonin, which is then converted to melatonin. Tryptophan
occurs naturally in turkey and other meat, milk, cheese, bananas,
pumpkin seeds, and legumes.
Eat magnesium-rich foods. Magnesium is a natural sedative. Deficiency
of magnesium can result in difficulty sleeping, constipation, muscle
tremors or cramps, anxiety, irritability, and pain. Foods that are rich
in magnesium are kelp, wheat bran, almonds, cashews, blackstrap
molasses, and brewer’s yeast.
Nutritional Supplements Calcium and magnesium act as
sedatives. A typical dose is 600 mg calcium and 250-500 mg magnesium. If
you take a daily calcium supplement to meet your nutritional
requirements, look for a calcium-magnesium combined supplement in a 2:1
ratio and take it in the evening.
There are a number of vitamins and minerals that can help improve sleep quality.
Vitamin B6 is required for the conversion of the amino acid
tryptophan into serotonin, which helps with sleep. A food source of B
vitamins, especially vitamin B6, is 1-2 teaspoons of nutritional yeast.
It can be stirred into a glass of juice. Other sources of B vitamins are
liver, whole grains, tuna, wheat germ, blackstrap molasses, bananas,
and sunflower seeds. Deficiency of iron has been associated with
restless leg syndrome. Chromium is often effective when there is waking
at night due to blood sugar imbalance.
Melatonin is a hormone that is produced naturally by the body. The
pineal gland in the brain makes serotonin, which is then converted into
melatonin when exposure to light decreases. Melatonin can help people
fall asleep when the bedtime rhythm has been disturbed. In studies,
people taking melatonin sleep better, take less time to fall asleep, and
feel more energetic and awake during the day. One study found that
melatonin may be effective for jet lag, especially long-distance travel.
Melatonin has also been suggested for re-establishing regular sleeping
in shift workers.
There is no typical dose of melatonin. It is typically taken about 30
minutes before the desired bedtime. Some experts caution that melatonin
should not be used in depression, schizophrenia, autoimmune diseases,
and other serious illness. Pregnant and nursing women should not use
melatonin. Melatonin should not be taken before driving or operating
machinery. While melatonin is often recommended for short-term use, the
long-term effect of melatonin supplementation is unknown.
Herbs Valerian,
Valeriana officinalis, is a herb that
has been long used as a remedy for insomnia. As early as second century
A.D., valerian was recommended for insomnia. There are rumors that the
name Valium was created to sound like the word valerian. In 1985, it was
approved by Germany’s Commission E and is now an accepted
over-the-counter insomnia remedy in Germany, France, Switzerland,
Belgium, and Italy. Just how valerian works in the body is still not
well understood. Some studies suggest that like conventional sleeping
pills, valerian may affect levels of the neurotransmitter GABA. The
effects of valerian take between 2 and 4 weeks to become noticeable. A
typical dosage of valerian is 2 to 3 g of the dried root, 270 to 450 mg
of a 3-6:1 water-based extract, or 600 mg of an alcohol based extract
(4-7:1). Valerian is usually taken between 30 to 60 minutes before
bedtime. Side effects of valerian may include mild digestive distress.
There have been a few cases of mild stimulant effect from valerian use.
Valerian usually does not impair driving ability or cause morning
drowsiness. Consultation with a qualified health practitioner is
recommended to ensure adequate dose and prescription.
The herb St. John’s Wort may help insomnia related to depression. For
proper diagnosis and assessment of depression, please see your
herbalist.
Kava is an anti-anxiety herb that may be helpful for anxiety-related
insomnia. A typical dose is standardized to contain 210 mg of
kavalactones, taken 1 hour before bed. The US Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) recently issued an advisory to consumers about the
potential risk of severe liver injury resulting from the use of dietary
supplements containing kava. To date, there have been more than 25
reports of serious adverse effects from kava use in other countries,
including four patients who required liver transplants.
Other herbs - Chamomile, hops, passionflower, scullcap, and
ashwagandha are other herbs that are often used for insomnia. Some
people may find benefit from simply taking chamomile tea 1 hour prior to
bed. Chamomile can reduce anxiety, calm the digestive system, and
relieve muscle tension.
all of these herbs are available at www.healthherbs.com search insomnia.
GOOD HEALTH TO YOU!!!